3D Mammogram: Cost, time course,...

What is a 3D mammography?

3D mammography, also known as tomography, is an advanced breast imaging technique. By capturing breast tissue from multiple angles, it produces high-resolution, three-dimensional images, allowing doctors to detect breast lesions more accurately. Compared with traditional 2D mammography, 3D mammography can reduce the interference of tissue overlap and improve the detection rate of early breast cancer.

This technique is particularly suitable for women with dense breast tissue, as traditional 2D examinations may be missed due to overlapping tissues. By scanning layer by layer, 3D mammography provides a clearer view of the shape, edges, and internal structure of the lump, helping to differentiate between benign and malignant lesions.

In Hong Kong, 3D mammography has become an important tool for breast cancer screening. According to the Hong Kong Breast Cancer Foundation, women over the age of 40 need to have a breast examination every year, and the application of 3D technology will greatly improve the accuracy of screening.

Comparison of 3D mammography with other tests

Compared with traditional 2D mammography and ultrasound, 3D mammography has obvious advantages. Here we compare some common breast examination methods.

 

• 2D mammogram: It is inexpensive, but the image may be blurry due to overlapping tissues
• Ultrasound: Radiation-free, suitable for young women and dense breasts, but not sensitive to small calcification points
• 3D mammography: Provides 3D images with high detection rate, but at a higher cost

For people at high risk of breast cancer, such as those with a positive family history or BRCA gene carriers, 3D mammography is a more ideal option. Detect small lesions early and improve the success rate of treatment.

Cost structure of 3D mammography

It typically includes the following sections:

item	Price Range (HKD)
Co-payment fee	200-500
Examination fee	2,500-4,500
Diagnostic Imaging Fees	800-1,500

The cost of 3D mammography examinations varies greatly depending on the medical institution, with private hospitals typically being 30% to 50% more expensive than public hospitals. Some high-end clinics may offer package services that include follow-up doctor visits and report interpretation.

Cost Criteria for 3D Mammography in Different Regions

Here are some references for the main areas of Hong Kong:

• Hong kong island: HK$3,800-5,500
• Nine dragons: HK$3,500-5,000
• New Territory: HK$3,200-4,800

Factors that affect the price include the location of the clinic, the brand of the equipment (such as Hologic or Siemens), and the qualifications of the doctors. Some medical institutions may offer discounts of 10%-20% during promotional periods.

How to choose the right 3D mammography clinic

When choosing a 3D mammography clinic, you should consider the following factors:

First, check if the clinic has a mammography qualification recognized by the Hong Kong Health Bureau. Secondly, understanding the brand and model of the device, the new generation of digital tomography equipment can provide higher quality images. Third, it confirms the professional qualifications and experience of radiologists, especially in breast specialties.

It is recommended to choose a medical center that provides one-stop services so that further examination and consultation can be done immediately if any abnormalities are detected. At the same time, consider the clinic's privacy protection measures and the proportion of female medical staff, which is important for many female patients.

3D Mammography Schedule

3D mammography usually requires an appointment and the entire process takes about 1-2 hours. Do not use antiperspirant or skin care products on your breasts or armpits before the examination to avoid affecting the image quality. For 1-2 weeks after the end of menstruation, it is best to choose a less sensitive examination of the breasts.

During the examination, the technician flattens the breast on a platform and takes images from different angles. There was some discomfort, but each compression lasted only a few seconds. After the examination, the images are interpreted by a specialist radiologist, and the report is usually available within 1-3 business days.

Precautions for 3D mammography

The radiation dose from 3D mammography is slightly higher than that of traditional 2D examinations, but it is still within a safe range. According to data from the Hong Kong Health Bureau, the radiation dose of 3D examination is about 0.4 mSv, which is equivalent to about 7 weeks of background radiation in the natural environment.

The results should be interpreted by a professional physician, and the BI-RADS grading system is often used to assess any abnormalities found. Based on the results, the doctor will recommend appropriate follow-up intervals or further examinations. For high-risk groups, other test methods such as MRI may be required.3d乳房造影價錢

Frequently Asked Questions about 3D Mammography

Q: Is 3D mammography painful?
A: The testing process can be oppressive, but most women can endure it. If you are particularly sensitive, you can inform the technician in advance.

Q: How long does it take to get test results?
A: It usually takes 1-3 business days, but in case of urgency, the first report may be retrieved on the same day.

Q: Can I have a 3D mammography while pregnant?
A: It is generally not recommended for pregnant women unless absolutely necessary. If necessary, additional protective measures should be taken.

Choose the breast test that's right for you

3D mammography, an advanced testing technology, offers women a more accurate choice for breast cancer screening. When deciding whether to undergo this test, you should consider your personal risk factors, breast tissue type, and financial situation. After thorough communication with your doctor, choosing the best test plan for you is an important step in maintaining breast health.

Personalized military corner: sy...

introduction

OftenThese are not just collectibles; They are powerful symbols of pride, honor, and friendship. These coins are meticulously designed to represent the identity, values, and achievements of military units and individuals. Contrary to popular memory,It has deep emotional and historical significance, as it serves as a tangible reminder of the shared experiences and bonds forged through service. Whether awarded for outstanding performance, exchanged as a token of recognition, or used in traditional challenge games, these coins play a pivotal role in military culture. In this article, we will explore the rich history, design intricacies, and enduring traditions surrounding these cherished emblems.

History and traditions of military coins

The origins of military coins date back to ancient Rome, where soldiers were rewarded for their bravery. However, modern conceptsDuring the First World War, a wealthy lieutenant became famous when he was asked by the military for a bronze medallion. One of the pilots who crashed behind enemy lines spent coins to prove his identity and avoid execution. This incident reinforced the coin's role as a symbol of unity and survival. Over time, challenge coins have become an integral part of military lore, with each division or unit adopting a unique design. Significant historical moments, such as the Gulf War and Operation Enduring Freedom, fueled its use, making it a coveted item that embodies the spirit of service and sacrifice.

How Custom Pieces Foster Friendships

These help to increase the cohesion of the unit. They serve as a symbol of shared belonging, uniting soldiers under a common identity. For example, coins with the troop's crest or motto reinforce pride and a sense of collective purpose. In addition, these coins are often awarded for outstanding performance during training exercises and combat missions. This recognition boosts morale and motivates employees to maintain high standards. In addition to official rewards, exchange coins as gifts as a token of appreciation, strengthening interpersonal relationships. Commanders are recognized for their outstanding dedication and can give coins to their subordinates or exchange coins for their comrades to commemorate a common challenge. These gestures, while subtle, foster a culture of mutual respect and solidarity.

Design a coin that represents a unit or service

Make something meaningfulYou need to carefully consider the key factors. The unit's crest, motto, and significant dates often take center stage in the design, ensuring that the pieces reflect the group's identity. For example, coins can indicate the year the unit was founded or an important battle date. Storytelling through design is equally important. The intricate carvings depict the unit's history, values, and mission. Some pieces incorporate symbols such as eagles for strength or anchors for naval units. Examples of powerful designs include coins with 3D effects, enamel colors, and even cutouts to enhance visual impact. The goal is to create pieces that are not only visually striking but also resonate with recipients and serve as a lasting tribute to their services.

Military Coin Label

Understanding Labels Around YouIt is essential to respect their traditions. The "challenge" is a famous ritual in which members must submit coins upon request. Otherwise, they often end up buying drinks. This habit strengthens friendships and allows you to always carry coins with you. Proper exposure and maintenance are also important. Many veterans display their work in boxes or display cases, treating it with the same respect as medals. Receiving coins is a great honor and often symbolizes recognition from high-ranking officers or close relationships with other military personnel. The act of giving and receiving coins is a sign of respect and has become one of the most important traditions in military culture.custom made military coins

conclusion

It goes far beyond ornaments. They are an enduring symbol of pride, honor, and friendship. From their historical roots to their modern meanings, these works encapsulate the values and experiences of military life. Via or ViaTell the story of the unit,These emblems, which honor personal achievements, hold deep meanings. For active players, designing and receiving coins is a powerful way to commemorate their journey and connections. As such, these coins will continue to be cherished as a timeless tribute to the sacrifices and bonds forged during their missions.military coin design

Registration of nonprofi

1. Importance of Articles of Incorporation

The Articles of Association are the core document of a nonprofit's registration, not only having legal force but also serving as a foundational framework for its operations. When registering a nonprofit, the content of the articles of association must comply with local laws and regulations, otherwise it may lead to failure to register and legal risks in subsequent operations.

1. Legal Effect of the Articles of Association

Once the charter is approved by a government department, it becomes a legally binding document. For example, the articles of association must be filed with the Commercial Movable Property Registry for examination, and after approval, they will have legal force for the organization and its members. If your organization is involved in cross-border activities (such as working with Australian companies), you should also pay attention to whether the articles of association comply with the legal requirements of both parties, especially tax issues (such as the impact on cross-border capital flows).

2. Contents and specifications of the articles of incorporation

A well-crafted bylaw should include the following core content:

 

 

• Aims and objectives: to clarify the non-profit nature of an organization, such as education, charity, or social welfare.
• Management: Includes the composition of the Board of Directors, decision-making procedures, and the rights and obligations of members.
• Financial terms: Sources of funds and rules of use to ensure compliance with the requirements of Macau's "Non-Profit Organizations Act".

3. How to write complete bylaws

We recommend hiring a professional lawyer to assist you with drafting and refer to the following steps:

 

1. Clarify the organization's purpose and business scope to avoid confusion with commercial activities.
2. Clarify membership and exit mechanisms to reduce future disputes.
3. Add a dissolution clause stipulating the method of asset disposal (such as transfer to a similar institution).

2. Directors and Responsibilities of Directors

The board of directors is the core of a nonprofit's decision-making, and the legal responsibilities of its members must be strictly clarified. In Macau, for example, according to Article 174 of the Civil Code, directors who fail to fulfill their duty of loyalty may face civil compensation or criminal liability.

1. Legal Responsibilities of Directors

Directors are responsible for the finances and compliance of the organization. For example, if an organization accepts donations from abroad (such as sponsorships by Australian companies), directors must ensure that the source of funds is legal and report taxes (note the difference with Macau). The common risks in practice are:

 

• Failure to submit the annual report on time was subject to a fine.
• misappropriation of funds constitutes a crime of breach of trust.

2. Avoid conflicts of interest

Macau law requires directors to disclose potential conflicts of interest. For example, if the director is also employed by a cooperative enterprise (business partner), the relevant decisions must be avoided. We recommend that you develop a "conflict of interest policy" that clarifies:

 

situation	processing
Directors are associated with suppliers	You must make a public statement and waive your right to vote
Personal business and institutional competition	Protecting the interests of the institution is a priority

3. Appointment and Replacement of Directors

The articles of association must provide for the term of office of directors (usually 2-3 years) and restrictions on re-election. If there is a change of directors, a general meeting shall be held and the change shall be registered in accordance with Article 214 of the Macao Commercial Code. In practice, there are common omissions, such as not updating business registration information and invalidating legal documents.

3. Source and Use of Funds

Financial management for non-profit organizations is a key focus of regulation, especially when setting up a company in Macau involves cross-border financing (such as accepting donations from Australian companies), and it must comply with regulations in both countries.

1. Legal and compliant funding methods

Macau's Non-Profit Organisations Act allows the following forms of fundraising:

 

• Public Fundraising: Apply for permission from the Bureau of Identification Services.
• Corporate sponsorship: A written agreement indicating the purpose of the funding is required (if specified for an educational project).

If the funds come from an Australian company, pay attention to whether the donation will affect the tax return (if it is eligible for tax deductions) and keep proof of tax payment.澳洲公司稅率

2. Financial management system

It is proposed to create an independent finance committee and implement the following measures:

 

1. Separate accounting and cashier operations to avoid fraud.
2. It adopts accounting standards recognized by the Monetary Authority of Macau.
3. Large expenditures (more than 5 Macau) must be resolved by the Board of Directors.

3. Transparency in the use of funds

Regular disclosure of financial statements is key to building credibility. For example, the Hong Kong Council of Social Welfare requires member organisations to disclose their annual income and expenditure breakdowns, and although there is no mandatory obligation in Macau, they must at least report to their members. You can refer to the following formats:

 

item	Amount (MOP)	percentage
Educational activities	1,200,000	45%
Management fees	300,000	11%

4. Annual Audit and Reporting Requirements

Macau law stipulates that non-profit organizations with annual revenue exceeding 50 Macau are subject to mandatory audits. Audits are not only compliance requirements but also help institutions find loopholes in management.

1. The Importance of Auditing

Taking the 2022 report of the Macau Independent Anti-Corruption Commission as an example, one association lost more than $1 million due to unaudited misappropriation of funds. Auditing can achieve the following objectives:

 

• Verify the authenticity of financial statements.
• Ensure compliance with tax obligations (e.g., tax-exempt status) when registering as a nonprofit.

2. How to choose the right auditor

We recommend prioritizing the following:

 

1. Professional with Macau auditor license.
2. Familiar with the management of non-profit organizations (e.g., audited educational institutions).
3. International auditing standards are required when cross-border funds are involved (e.g., Australian company financing).

3. Contents and Submission of Annual Report

Macau non-profit organizations must file with the Financial Services Department within four months of the end of the financial year.

 

• Audited financial statements.
• Activity report (including service number and actual data).
• Statement on changes in board members.

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5. Impact of Violations of Laws and Regulations

Macau's regulations on non-profit organizations are becoming increasingly stringent, and violations can lead to the following consequences:

1. Potential Penalties

 

 

• administrative penalty: Failure to submit the report on time will result in a fine of 5,000 to 50,000 Macaro won.
• Tax Risks: If it is determined to be a disguised profit, it is subject to profits tax (see Macau corporate tax rate of 12%).
• Criminal liability: Illegal fundraising is punishable by up to 8 years in prison.

2. How to avoid legal risks

Practical Suggestions:

 

1. Regularly review your Articles of Association to ensure compliance with the latest laws and regulations (such as amendments to Macau's Non-Profit Organisations Act).
2. Legal advice before important decisions (such as accepting large donations from Australian companies).
3. Purchase liability insurance for directors and pass on some of the risk.

6. Reference to relevant laws and regulations

Nonprofits should pay close attention to the following regulations when operating:

 

• Macau Non-Profit Organisations Act (Law No. 6/97/M)
• The Macau Commercial Code regulates the governance of legal entities
• 澳洲《Income Tax Assessment Act 1997》(涉及跨境捐贈稅務)

非牟利機構 註冊

If your organization operates in both Macau and Australia (for example, if you set up a company in Macau but are funded by Australia), it is recommended to entrust a team of multinational lawyers with a compliance plan, especially the coordination between the Australian corporate tax rate and the Macau tax system.